全球变暖导致气候极端频率和强度的增加，导致生活巨大损失。准确的远程气候预测允许更多时间进行准备和灾害风险管理，以获得此类极端事件。虽然机器学习方法已经表明了远程气候预测结果，但相关的模型不确定性可能会降低其可靠性。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种后期的融合方法，系统地将预测从多种模型中组合以减少融合结果的预期误差。我们还提出了一种具有新型Denormalization层的网络架构，以获得数据标准化的好处，而无需实际归一化数据。远程2M温度预测的实验结果表明，该框架优于30年气候法线，通过增加模型数量可以提高准确性。

多模态数据集的可用性提供了一个独特的机会，可以更全面地使用多个视点来表征相同的兴趣对象。在这项工作中，我们研究了使用规范相关性分析（CCA）和CCA（PCCA）的罚款变种用于两种方式的融合。我们研究了一个简单的图形模型，用于生成双模数据。我们分析表明，通过已知的模型参数，后均估计器共同使用的两种模式优于单个模态后估计在潜在可变预测中的任意线性混合。包含域知识的CCA（PCCA）的惩罚扩展可以发现与高维，低样本数据的相关性，而传统的CCA是不可应用的。为了便于使用PCCA产生多维嵌入，我们提出了两个基质放气计划，该方案强制实施CCA所表现出的理想性质。我们通过组合上述所有具有潜在可变预测的通货卡来提出一种两阶段预测管道。在模拟数据上，我们提出的模型大大降低了潜在可变预测中的平均平均误差。当从癌症基因组地图集（​​TCGA）乳腺癌患者的公开可用的组织病理学数据和RNA测序数据中时，我们的模型可以在生存预测中呈现相同维度的主要成分分析（PCA）嵌入。

This paper proposes a perception and path planning pipeline for autonomous racing in an unknown bounded course. The pipeline was initially created for the 2021 evGrandPrix autonomous division and was further improved for the 2022 event, both of which resulting in first place finishes. Using a simple LiDAR-based perception pipeline feeding into an occupancy grid based expansion algorithm, we determine a goal point to drive. This pipeline successfully achieved reliable and consistent laps in addition with occupancy grid algorithm to know the ways around a cone-defined track with an averaging speeds of 6.85 m/s over a distance 434.2 meters for a total lap time of 63.4 seconds.

Over the years, Machine Learning models have been successfully employed on neuroimaging data for accurately predicting brain age. Deviations from the healthy brain aging pattern are associated to the accelerated brain aging and brain abnormalities. Hence, efficient and accurate diagnosis techniques are required for eliciting accurate brain age estimations. Several contributions have been reported in the past for this purpose, resorting to different data-driven modeling methods. Recently, deep neural networks (also referred to as deep learning) have become prevalent in manifold neuroimaging studies, including brain age estimation. In this review, we offer a comprehensive analysis of the literature related to the adoption of deep learning for brain age estimation with neuroimaging data. We detail and analyze different deep learning architectures used for this application, pausing at research works published to date quantitatively exploring their application. We also examine different brain age estimation frameworks, comparatively exposing their advantages and weaknesses. Finally, the review concludes with an outlook towards future directions that should be followed by prospective studies. The ultimate goal of this paper is to establish a common and informed reference for newcomers and experienced researchers willing to approach brain age estimation by using deep learning models

In this paper, deep-learning-based approaches namely fine-tuning of pretrained convolutional neural networks (VGG16 and VGG19), and end-to-end training of a developed CNN model, have been used in order to classify X-Ray images into four different classes that include COVID-19, normal, opacity and pneumonia cases. A dataset containing more than 20,000 X-ray scans was retrieved from Kaggle and used in this experiment. A two-stage classification approach was implemented to be compared to the one-shot classification approach. Our hypothesis was that a two-stage model will be able to achieve better performance than a one-shot model. Our results show otherwise as VGG16 achieved 95% accuracy using one-shot approach over 5-fold of training. Future work will focus on a more robust implementation of the two-stage classification model Covid-TSC. The main improvement will be allowing data to flow from the output of stage-1 to the input of stage-2, where stage-1 and stage-2 models are VGG16 models fine-tuned on the Covid-19 dataset.

In the human brain, essential iron molecules for proper neurological functioning exist in transferrin (tf) and ferritin (Fe3) forms. However, its unusual increment manifests iron overload, which reacts with hydrogen peroxide. This reaction will generate hydroxyl radicals, and irons higher oxidation states. Further, this reaction causes tissue damage or cognitive decline in the brain and also leads to neurodegenerative diseases. The susceptibility difference due to iron overload within the volume of interest (VOI) responsible for field perturbation of MRI and can benefit in estimating the neural disorder. The quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique can estimate susceptibility alteration and assist in quantifying the local tissue susceptibility differences. It has attracted many researchers and clinicians to diagnose and detect neural disorders such as Parkinsons, Alzheimers, Multiple Sclerosis, and aging. The paper presents a systematic review illustrating QSM fundamentals and its processing steps, including phase unwrapping, background field removal, and susceptibility inversion. Using QSM, the present work delivers novel predictive biomarkers for various neural disorders. It can strengthen new researchers fundamental knowledge and provides insight into its applicability for cognitive decline disclosure. The paper discusses the future scope of QSM processing stages and their applications in identifying new biomarkers for neural disorders.

By utilizing only depth information, the paper introduces a novel but efficient local planning approach that enhances not only computational efficiency but also planning performances for memoryless local planners. The sampling is first proposed to be based on the depth data which can identify and eliminate a specific type of in-collision trajectories in the sampled motion primitive library. More specifically, all the obscured primitives' endpoints are found through querying the depth values and excluded from the sampled set, which can significantly reduce the computational workload required in collision checking. On the other hand, we furthermore propose a steering mechanism also based on the depth information to effectively prevent an autonomous vehicle from getting stuck when facing a large convex obstacle, providing a higher level of autonomy for a planning system. Our steering technique is theoretically proved to be complete in scenarios of convex obstacles. To evaluate effectiveness of the proposed DEpth based both Sampling and Steering (DESS) methods, we implemented them in the synthetic environments where a quadrotor was simulated flying through a cluttered region with multiple size-different obstacles. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed approach can considerably decrease computing time in local planners, where more trajectories can be evaluated while the best path with much lower cost can be found. More importantly, the success rates calculated by the fact that the robot successfully navigated to the destinations in different testing scenarios are always higher than 99.6% on average.

Structural alterations have been thoroughly investigated in the brain during the early onset of schizophrenia (SCZ) with the development of neuroimaging methods. The objective of the paper is an efficient classification of SCZ in 2 different classes: Cognitive Normal (CN), and SCZ using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. This paper proposed a lightweight 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) based framework for SCZ diagnosis using MRI images. In the proposed model, lightweight 3D CNN is used to extract both spatial and spectral features simultaneously from 3D volume MRI scans, and classification is done using an ensemble bagging classifier. Ensemble bagging classifier contributes to preventing overfitting, reduces variance, and improves the model's accuracy. The proposed algorithm is tested on datasets taken from three benchmark databases available as open-source: MCICShare, COBRE, and fBRINPhase-II. These datasets have undergone preprocessing steps to register all the MRI images to the standard template and reduce the artifacts. The model achieves the highest accuracy 92.22%, sensitivity 94.44%, specificity 90%, precision 90.43%, recall 94.44%, F1-score 92.39% and G-mean 92.19% as compared to the current state-of-the-art techniques. The performance metrics evidenced the use of this model to assist the clinicians for automatic accurate diagnosis of SCZ.

最近，分布式的半监督学习（DSSL）算法表明，它们在利用未标记的样本优于互连网络方面的有效性，在这些网络上，代理无法彼此共享其原始数据，并且只能与邻居传达非敏感信息。但是，现有的DSSL算法无法应对数据不确定性，并且可能会遭受高度计算和通信开销问题的困扰。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一个分布式的半监督模糊回归（DSFR）模型，该模型具有模糊的规则和插值一致性正则化（ICR）。 ICR最近是针对半监督问题的，可以迫使决策边界通过稀疏的数据区域，从而增加模型的鲁棒性。但是，尚未考虑其在分布式方案中的应用。在这项工作中，我们提出了分布式模糊C均值（DFCM）方法和分布式插值一致性正则化（DICR）（DICR）构建在众所周知的乘数交替方向方法上，以分别定位DSFR的先行和结果组件中的参数。值得注意的是，DSFR模型的收敛非常快，因为它不涉及后传播过程，并且可扩展到从DFCM和DICR的利用率中受益的大规模数据集。人工和现实世界数据集的实验结果表明，就损失价值和计算成本而言，提出的DSFR模型可以比最新的DSSL算法获得更好的性能。

最近的基于变压器的离线视频实例细分（VIS）方法取得了令人鼓舞的结果，并明显胜过在线方法。但是，它们对整个视频的依赖以及由全时空的注意力引起的巨大计算复杂性限制了它们在现实生活中的应用中，例如处理冗长的视频。在本文中，我们提出了一个基于单级变压器的高效在线VIS框架，名为InstanceFormer，该框架特别适合长期挑战性的视频。我们提出了三个新的组件来建模短期和长期依赖性和时间连贯性。首先，我们传播了对短期更改建模的先前实例的表示形式，位置和语义信息。其次，我们在解码器中提出了一种新颖的记忆交叉注意，该记忆使网络可以在某个时间窗口内研究早期实例。最后，我们采用时间对比度损失，在所有框架的实例表示中施加连贯性。记忆注意力和时间连贯性特别有益于远程依赖建模，包括诸如遮挡等挑战的情况。所提出的实例形式优于以前的在线基准方法在多个数据集上的较大边距。最重要的是，InstanceFormer超过了挑战和长数据集（例如YouTube-Vis-2021和OVIS）的离线方法。代码可从https://github.com/rajatkoner08/instanceformer获得。